---
title: "Themes"
output: rmarkdown::html_vignette
vignette: >
  %\VignetteIndexEntry{Themes}
  %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown}
  %\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8}
---

```{r, include = FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  collapse = TRUE,
  comment = "#>")
```

---
title: 'Thematic Glossary'
output: github_document
editor_options: 
  markdown: 
    wrap: 72
---

<style>
table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  width: 100%;
  border: 2px solid #ddd;
}

th, td {
  border: 1px solid #ddd;  /* Ensures vertical and horizontal borders */
  padding: 10px;
  text-align: left;
}

th {
  background-color: #f2f2f2;
  font-weight: bold;
}

td a {
  color: #007acc;
  text-decoration: none;
}

td a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
</style>


## Data source,collection, and collation

|  |  |  |  |
|:-----------------|:-----------------|:-----------------|:------------------|
| [Data accessibility](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20accessibility.html) | [Data type](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20type.html) | [Primary data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Primary%20data.html) | [Data collection level](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20collection%20level.html) |
| [Digital health](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Digital%20health.html) | [Response rate](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Response%20rate.html) | [Data collection method](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20collection%20method.html) | [Geospatial data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Geospatial%20data.html) |
| [Secondary data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Secondary%20data.html) | [Data element](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20element.html) | [Health data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20data.html) | [Sex](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Sex.html) |
| [Data information pyramid](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20information%20pyramid.html) | [Home-based record](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Home-based%20record.html) | [Survey](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Survey.html) | [Data inputs](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20inputs.html) |
| [Measurement level](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Measurement%20level.html) | [Survey data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Survey%20data.html) | [Data integration](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20integration.html) | [Microdata](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Microdata.html) |
| [Surveillance](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Surveillance.html) | [Data life cycle](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20life%20cycle.html) | [Population-based survey](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Population-based%20survey.html) | [Understandable/simplicity](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Understandable%20or%20simplicty.html) |
| [Data source](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20source.html) | [Population census](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Population%20census.html) | [Unit of measure](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Unit%20of%20measure.html) | [Data standards](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20standards.html) |
| [Preferred data sources](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Preferred%20data%20sources.html) |  |  |  |

## Data security, protection, governance and standards

|  |  |  |  |
|:-----------------|:-----------------|:------------------|:-----------------|
| [Compliance](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Compliance.html) | [Data steward](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20steward.html) | [Mortality data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Mortality%20data.html) | [Confidentiality](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Confidentiality.html) |
| [Data stewardship](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20stewardship.html) | [National health strategic plan](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/National%20health%20strategic%20plan.html) | [Data access control](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20access%20control.html) | [Focal point](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Focal%20point.html) |
| [National statistics office](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/National%20statistics%20office.html) | [Data anonymization](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20anonymization.html) | [International Classification of Diseases (ICD)](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/International%20Classification%20of%20Diseases%20(ICD).html) | [Notifiable conditions](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Notifiable%20conditions.html) |
| [Data consent](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20consent.html) | [International Health Regulations](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/International%20Health%20Regulations.html) | [Publicly available](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Publicly%20available.html) | [Data custodian](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20custodian.html) |
| [Master facility list](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Master%20facility%20list.html) | [Stakeholder](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Stakeholder.html) | [Data governance](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20governance.html) | [Medical Certification of Cause of Death](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Medical%20certification%20of%20cause%20of%20death.html) |
| [Standard operating procedures](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Standard%20operating%20procedures.html) | [Data privacy](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20privacy.html) | [Morbidity data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Morbidity%20data.html) | [Data provider](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20provider.html) |
| [Mortality coder](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Mortality%20coder.html) | [Transparency](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Transparency.html) | [Data security](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20security.html) |  |

## Disaggregation of public health data/indicators

|  |  |  |  |
|:-----------------|:-----------------|:------------------|:-----------------|
| [Administrative area](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Administrative%20area.html) | [Disaggregation](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Disaggregation.html) | [Global Health Observatory](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Global%20Health%20Observatory.html) | [Age groupings](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Age%20groupings.html) |
| [Gender](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Gender.html) | [Granularity](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Granularity.html) | [Age specific mortality rate](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Age-specific%20mortality%20rate.html) | [Geocoding](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Geocoding.html) |
| [Health inequality](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20inequality.html) | [Catchment area](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Catchment%20area.html) | [Geo-enablement](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Geo-enablement.html) | [Health inequity](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20inequity.html) |
| [Causes of death](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Causes%20of%20death.html) | [Geographic accessibility](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Geographic%20accessibility.html) | [Subnational](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Subnational.html) |  |

## Estimation methods

|  |  |  |  |
|:-----------------|:-----------------|:-------------------|:-----------------|
| [Covariates](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Covariates.html) | [Global health estimates](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Global%20health%20estimates.html) | [Method of aggregate estimation](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Method%20of%20aggregate%20estimation.html) | [Estimation method](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Estimation%20method.html) |
| [Health estimates](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20estimates.html) |  |  |  |

## Health Information systems

|  |  |  |  |
|:-----------------|:------------------|:-----------------|:-----------------|
| [Birth registration data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Birth%20registration%20data.html) | [Health management information system](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20management%20information%20system.html) | [Registry](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Registry.html) | [Civil registration and vital statistics](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Civil%20registration%20and%20vital%20statistics.html) |
| [Health facility census](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20facility%20census.html) | [Register](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Register.html) | [Death registration data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Death%20registration%20data.html) | [Health facility survey](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20facility%20survey.html) |
| [Registrar](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Registrar.html) | [Death registration desk](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Death%20registration%20desk.html) | [Health survey](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20survey.html) | [Registration form](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Registration%20form.html) |
| [Disease surveillance system](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Disease%20surveillance%20system.html) | [Individual health record](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Individual%20health%20record.html) | [Verbal autopsy](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Verbal%20autopsy.html) | [Event-based surveillance](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Event-based%20surveillance.html) |
| [Public health surveillance system](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Public%20health%20surveillance%20system.html) | [Vital event](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Vital%20event.html) | [Geographic information systems](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Geographic%20information%20systems.html) | [Raw health data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Raw%20health%20data.html) |
| [Vital statistics](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Vital%20statistics.html) | [Health and demographic surveillance system](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20and%20demographic%20surveillance%20system.html) | [Routine data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Routine%20data.html) | [Health information system](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20information%20system.html) |
| [Routine health information system](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Routine%20health%20information%20system.html) |  |  |  |

## Indicator Terminology

|  |  |  |  |
|:-----------------|:-----------------|:-----------------|:------------------|
| [Composite indicator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Composite%20indicator.html) | [Metadata](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Metadata.html) | [Output indicator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Output%20indicator.html) | [Core indicator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Core%20indicator.html) |
| [Indicator classification](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Indicator%20classification.html) | [Process indicator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Process%20indicator.html) | [Domain](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Domain.html) | [Indicator definition](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Indicator%20definition.html) |
| [Proxy health indicator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Proxy%20health%20indicator.html) | [Health indicator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20indicator.html) | [Input indicator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Input%20indicator.html) | [Rationale](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Rationale.html) |
| [Impact indicator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Impact%20indicator.html) | [Logic model](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Logic%20model.html) | [Tracer indicator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Tracer%20indicator.html) | [Indicator-based surveillance](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Indicator-based%20surveillance.html) |
| [Outcome indicator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Outcome%20indicator.html) |  |  |  |

## Methods to assess data quality

|  |  |  |  |
|:-----------------|:-----------------|:-----------------|:-----------------|
| [Accuracy](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Accuracy.html) | [Data quality assurance](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20quality%20assurance.html) | [Punctuality](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Punctuality.html) | [Completeness of reporting](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Completeness%20of%20reporting.html) |
| [Internal consistency of data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Internal%20consistency%20of%20data.html) | [Relevance](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Relevance.html) | [Construct validity](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Construct%20validity.html) | [Internal responsiveness](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Internal%20responsiveness.html) |
| [Reliability of data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Reliability%20of%20data.html) | [Content validity](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Content%20validity.html) | [External consistency of data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/External%20consistency%20of%20data.html) | [Representativeness](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Representativeness.html) |
| [Convergent validity](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Convergent%20validity.html) | [External responsiveness](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/External%20responsiveness.html) | [Responsiveness](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Responsiveness.html) | [Credibility](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Credibility.html) |
| [Feasibility](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Feasibility.html) | [Sustainability](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Sustainability.html) | [Criterion validity](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Criterion%20validity.html) | [Gold standard](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Gold%20standard.html) |
| [Timeliness](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Timeliness.html) | [Data integrity](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20integrity.html) | [Predictive validity](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Predictive%20validity.html) | [Usefulness or utility](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Usefulness%20or%20Utility.html) |
| [Data quality](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20quality.html) | [Process of validation](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Process%20of%20validation.html) | [Validity](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Validity.html) | [Data quality assessment](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20quality%20assessment.html) |

## Monitoring and evaluation terms

|  |  |  |  |
|:----------------|:----------------|:----------------|:--------------------|
| [Accountability](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Accountability.html) | [Joint external evaluation](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Joint%20external%20evaluation.html) | [Results framework](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Results%20framework.html) | [Evaluation](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Evaluation.html) |
| [Monitoring](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Monitoring.html) | [Target population](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Target%20population.html) | [Health impact assessment](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Health%20impact%20assessment.html) | [Monitoring and evaluation framework](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Monitoring%20and%20evaluation%20(M%26E)%20framework.html) |

## Quality of Care measurement

|  |  |  |  |
|:-----------------|:------------------|:------------------|:-----------------|
| [Care cascade](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Care%20cascade.html) | [Outcome-adjusted coverage](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Outcome-adjusted%20coverage.html) | [Quality-adjusted coverage](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Quality-adjusted%20coverage.html) | [Effective coverage](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Effective%20coverage.html) |

## Statistical and analytical terms

|  |  |  |  |
|:------------------|:-----------------|:-----------------|:-----------------|
| [Chi-square test](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Chi-square%20(%CF%872)%20test.html) | [Interoperability](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Interoperability.html) | [P value](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/P%20value.html) | [Confounding](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Confounding.html) |
| [Kappa Statistic (K)](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Kappa%20statistic%20(K).html) | [Rate](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Rate.html) | [Correlation analysis](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Correlation%20analysis.html) | [Linkage](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Linkage.html) |
| [Ratio](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Ratio.html) | [Count](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Count.html) | [Mean](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Mean.html) | [Record linkage](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Record%20linkage.html) |
| [Data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data.html) | [Measure](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Measure.html) | [Regression](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Regression.html) | [Data harmonization](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20harmonization.html) |
| [Measurement](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Measurement.html) | [Sample](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Sample.html) | [Data triangulation](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Data%20triangulation.html) | [Measurement method](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Measurement%20method.html) |
| [Sample size](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Sample%20size.html) | [Denominator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Denominator.html) | [Median](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Median.html) | [Sampling error](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Sampling%20error.html) |
| [Descriptive analysis](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Descriptive%20analysis.html) | National representative | [Sensitivity analysis](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Sensitivity%20analysis.html) | [Disability adjusted life years](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Disability%20adjusted%20life%20years%20(DALYs).html) |
| [Negative predictive value](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Negative%20predictive%20value.html) | [Statistical model](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Statistical%20model.html) | [Ecological analysis](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Ecological%20analysis.html) | [Null hypothesis](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Null%20hypothesis.html) |
| [Statistical significance](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Statistical%20significance.html) | [Ecological fallacy](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Ecological%20fallacy.html) | [Numerator](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Numerator.html) | [Statistics](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Statistics.html) |
| [Effect size](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Effect%20size.html) | [Odds ratio](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Odds%20ratio.html) | [Stratification](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Stratification.html) | [Geospatial analysis](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Geospatial%20analysis.html) |
| [Percentage](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Percentage.html) | [Trend](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Trend.html) | [Healthy life expectancy at birth](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Healthy%20life%20expectancy%20at%20birth.html) | [Periodicity](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Periodicity.html) |
| [Uncertainty measure](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Uncertainty%20measure.html) | [Heaping of data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Heaping%20of%20data.html) | [Population attributable fraction](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Population%20attributable%20fraction.html) | [Weighting](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Weighting.html) |
| [Years lived with disability](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Years%20lived%20with%20disability.html) | [Interaction](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Interaction.html) | [Processed health data](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Processed%20health%20data.html) | [Intervention coverage](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Intervention%20coverage.html) |
| [Proportion](https://openwashdata.github.io/glossarywho/articles/Proportion.html) |  |  |  |